Hierarchical Multiple Regression Analyses Research Articles

Relationship between children's eating behavior (1-6years) and body mass index: a cross-sectional study in French maternal-infant protection centers within the Parisian region.

Early detection of obesity-promoting dietary behavior patterns improves the identification of at-risk families and the implementation of interventions. This is accomplished through the use of the Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ). No study has been conducted using the CEBQ in children followed in Essonne's Maternal-Infant Protection (PMI) centers. We investigated, in a cross-sectional design, the differences in children's eating behavior with PMI follow-up according to their weight status. A questionnaire addressed to parents was collected in PMI centers. Multiple hierarchical regression analysis was used to investigate the predictability of the child's CEBQ on body mass index (BMI). From January to April 2022, 850 children were selected, from which 500 (aged 1-6years) were included, and of whom 10.6% were obese. There was a significant positive association between 'Food Responsiveness', 'Enjoyment of Food' and BMI. In contrast, there was a significant negative association between 'Satiety Responsiveness', 'Slowness in Eating' and BMI. Besides, 'Food approach' and 'food avoidance' behaviors were positively and negatively related to BMI z-scores, respectively. Due to significant differences in children's eating behavior according to their weight, it is needed to raise awareness among parents about their impact on them.

간호대학생의 정신건강과 간호전문직관이 전공만족도에 미치는 효과

Objectives To determine the impact of nursing students' mental health and nursing professionalism on major satisfaction. Methods This study was conducted on 188 nursing students in Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, and Gangwon-do who understood the purpose of this study and voluntarily agreed to participate in the study. The data of this study were analyzed using mean and standard deviation, Pearson’s correlation coefficients, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis using the SPSS WIN 20.0 program. Results Nursing students' satisfaction with their major was determined by grade (F=4.977, p=.002), place of residence (F=2.869, p=.038), presence of practice (F=-2.347, p=.020), and satisfaction with practice experience (F=-2.347, p=.020). =4.502, p=.005), there was a significant difference. There was a significant negative correlation with depression (r=-.236, p=.001), and a significant positive correlation with nursing professionalism (r=.703, p<.001). Nursing professionalism and depression were statistically significant influencing factors, and the explanatory power for major satisfaction was found to be 49.5%. Conclusions To enhance the major satisfaction of nursing college students, sustained psychological support is essential, with a focus on reducing their feelings of depression. Utilizing individual counseling, mentorship programs with faculty advisors, and other supportive interventions should be considered.

고등학생의 자기효능감과 학교생활적응 간의 관계에서 인지적 유연성과 정서조절능력의 매개효과

The purpose of this study is to test the mediating effects of cognitive flexibility and emotional regulation ability on the relationship between self-efficacy and school life adjustment of high school students. For the research 300 high school students in Busan were surveyed and 261 students’ data were finally analyzed using SPSS. Correlation analysis was conducted to ascertain the relationship between each variable, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis was conducted to verify the mediating effects of the cognitive flexibility and emotional regulation ability. Bootstrapping was used on the final to prove whether there was an indirect effect of mediation variable was meaningful. The results of this study showed that there was a significant correlation between self-efficacy, cognitive flexibility, emotional regulation and school life adjustment of high school students. Cognitive flexibility partially mediated the relationship between self-efficacy and school life adjustment of high school students. Emotional regulation ability partially mediated the relationship between self-efficacy and school life adjustment of high school students. Therefore it is very important for high school students to improve their cognitive flexibility and emotional regulation ability in order to increase school life adjustment. The results of this study is significant in that it provides basic information for improvement in school life adjustment of high school students.

The differential effect of psychopathy on active and bystander trolling behaviors: the role of dark tetrad traits and lower agreeableness.

This study aimed to develop the Global Assessment of Active Trolling and Passive Bystanderism (GAATPB) scale and investigate the influence of personality traits on trolling behaviors. Focusing on the Dark Tetrad (DT) traits and agreeableness, the present study examined their associations and predictive utility on active trolling and passive bystanderism. Participants were recruited from social networking sites (SNSs), and eligibility criteria included active SNS usage and engagement in online interactions. A total of 797 healthy adult students participated in the study, with data from 300 used for the initial exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and the remaining 497 (Mage = 22.25years, SD = 3.37) for the subsequent analyses. Results indicated a significant correlation between DT traits and agreeableness across both active trolling and passive bystanderism, revealing a shared personality profile. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses showed that narcissism, Machiavellianism, and trait sadism were predictors of active trolling, with psychopathy being the strongest predictor. However, psychopathy did not emerge as a predictor for passive bystanderism. The study also highlighted that DT traits mediated the relationship between lower agreeableness and overall trolling behavior, suggesting that trolling manifests from lower agreeableness through the instigation of callous-unemotional, manipulative, and self-centered traits inherent in DT.

Assessing Brain Processing Deficits Using Neuropsychological and Vision-Specific Tests for Concussion

Introduction: Since verbal memory and visual processing transpire within analogous cerebral regions, this study assessed (i) if a visual function can predict verbal memory performance. It also hypothesized whether neurocognitive (e.g., ImPACT) tests focusing on the Visual Memory and Cognitive Efficacy Index will predict Verbal Memory scores and (ii) if vision metrics and age can identify individuals with a history of concussion. Finally, it also hypothesized that King–Devick and near point of convergence scores alongside age considerations will identify candidates with a prior reported history of concussion. Materials and methods: This observational cohort assessed 25 collegiate ice hockey players prior to the competitive season considering age (19.76 ± 1.42 years) and BMI (25.9 ± 3.0 kg/cm2). Hypothesis 1 was assessed using a hierarchical (sequential) multiple regression analysis, assessing the predictive capacity of Visual Memory and Cognitive Efficacy Index scores in relation to Verbal Memory scores. Hypothesis 2 utilized a binomial logistic regression to determine if King–Devick and near point of convergence scores predict those with a prior history of concussion. Results: Hypothesis 1 developed two models, where Model 1 included Visual Memory as the predictor, while Model 2 added the Cognitive Efficacy Index as a predictor for verbal memory scores. Model 1 significantly explained 41% of the variance. Results from Model 2 suggest that the Cognitive Efficacy Index explained an additional 24.4%. Thus, Model 2 was interpreted where only the Cognitive Efficacy Index was a significant predictor (p = 0.001). For every 1 unit increase in the Cognitive Efficacy Index, Verbal Memory increased by 41.16. Hypothesis 2’s model was significant, accounting for 37.9% of the variance in those with a history of concussion. However, there were no significant unique predictors within the model as age (Wald = 1.26, p = 0.261), King–Devick (Wald = 2.31, p = 0.128), and near point of convergence (Wald = 2.43, p = 0.119) were not significant predictors individually. Conclusions: The conflicting findings of this study indicate that baseline data for those with a history of concussion greater than one year may not be comparable to the same metrics during acute concussion episodes. Young athletes who sustain a concussion may be able to overcompensate via the visual system. Future prospective studies with larger sample sizes are required using the proposed model’s objective metrics.

Advisor familiness and entrepreneurial orientation in the tourism industry: the moderating role of entrepreneurs’ gender, education, and age

ABSTRACT Countering the intuitive notion that family members contribute to the success of entrepreneurship in the tourism sector, we found that their involvement does not necessarily result in favourable outcomes from the angle of advice seeking. To uncover the effects of family members as advisors, we draw on the attention-based view of the firm to investigate the influence of advisor familiness on entrepreneurial orientation. We collected 447 valid responses from Chinese tourism entrepreneurs. Results from a hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed a significant and negative effect of advisor familiness on entrepreneurial orientation. Significant moderating effects were also detected from entrepreneurs’ gender, education level and age. Specifically, entrepreneurs’ age enhanced the negative effect whilst entrepreneurs’ gender and education level attenuated the negative effect.

Behavior problems 7 years after severe childhood traumatic brain injury: Results of the Traumatisme Grave de L'Enfant study.

To investigate the occurrence of behavioral problems 7 years after severe pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI), and their evolution from 3 months to 7 years postinjury. Thirty-four participants, 38% girls, M (SD) age at injury 7.6 (4.7) years, age at assessment 15 (4.6) years, underwent comprehensive assessments 7 years after severe TBI from March 2014 to March 2016 and were matched to a control group by age, gender, and parental education. A subgroup of 20 participants had available behavioral assessments at 3, 12, and 24 months postinjury. Internalizing, externalizing, and total behavioral problems were assessed with self- and parent reports of the Achenbach's Behavioral Checklist. Additional data included sociodemographic background, initial injury severity, and specific outcomes assessed concurrently 7 years postinjury. Compared to controls: (a) a significant proportion of participants with severe TBI fell above the clinical cutoff for self- (42%) and parent-reported (36%) externalizing problems, but not for self- (33%) or parent-reported (45%) internalizing problems; (b) withdrawn/depressed, intrusive behavior, and somatic complaints were significantly higher in self-reports; and (c) rule-breaking behavior, attention, and social problems were significantly higher in parent reports. Parent-reported internalizing problems were associated with older age at injury, whereas externalizing problems correlated with greater injury severity and concurrent levels of greater overall disability, lower intellectual ability, and poorer family functioning. In multiple hierarchical regression analyses, overall disability and worse family functioning significantly predicted externalizing problems. Parent-reported internalizing and externalizing problems persisted over time. These results highlight the importance of long-term follow-up and individualized behavioral interventions for children who sustained severe TBI. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Ethnic Identity Protects and Internalized Racism Harms Health and Coping in Asian Americans Following COVID-19 Discrimination: A Mixed-Methods Study.

Mechanisms underlying the link between COVID-19 anti-Asian racial discrimination and psychological health are underexplored. This mixed-methods study examined the moderating effects of ethnic identity and internalized racism on the relationship between COVID discrimination and behavioral health outcomes among Asian Americans. We hypothesized that individuals with lower ethnic identity and higher internalized racism levels would demonstrate more adverse outcomes, including worsened psychological trauma and identity-avoidant behaviors, post-discrimination. Asian American participants (N = 215) responded to a Qualtrics survey, including qualitative and quantitative questions on COVID-related racism experiences, ethnic identity, internalized racism, trauma, and other subsequent effects. For qualitative analysis, participants were sorted into four subgroups defined by low- and/or high-ethnic identity and internalized racism scores, and we explored themes in participant reports of identity-related coping effects after racism. We additionally used hierarchical multiple regression analyses to quantitatively assess the moderating impact of ethnic identity and internalized racism on the relationship between COVID discrimination and trauma. Analyses revealed no moderating effects from the two identity variables. However, qualitative analyses identified themes of identity-promoting and identity-avoidant behavioral responses, and moderation analyses revealed that ethnic identity had a main effect on mitigating racial trauma, while internalized racism exacerbated both racial trauma and PTSD levels. This study identified ethnic identity and internalized racism as underlying causes to behavioral health outcomes for Asian Americans. Results offer mental health providers serving Asian clients insight into identity-related influences to help optimize culturally appropriate interventions and support initiatives of identity promotion to foster community engagement for this population.

Neuroregulatory Effects of Microcone Patch Stimulation on the Auricular Branch of the Vagus Nerve and the Prefrontal Cortex: A Feasibility Study.

Background: The primary purpose of this study was to preliminarily examine the effects of autonomic nervous system activity on the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Recent studies have examined approaches to modulating autonomic activity using invasive and non-invasive methods, but the effects of changes in autonomic activity during cognitive tasks on the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex have not been fully investigated. The purpose of this preliminary investigation was to examine changes in autonomic activity and blood oxygen saturation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during reading tasks induced by vagus nerve stimulation using a microcone patch. Methods: A cohort of 40 typically developing adults was enrolled in this study. We carefully examined changes in autonomic nervous system activity and blood oxygen saturation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during a reading task in two conditions: with and without microcone patch stimulation. Results: Significant changes in brain activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortext due to microcone patch stimulation were confirmed. In addition, hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed specific changes in reading task-related blood oxygen saturation in the dorsolateral prefrontal region during microcone patch stimulation. Conclusions: It should be recognized that this study is a preliminary investigation and does not have immediate clinical applications. However, our results suggest that changes in autonomic nervous system activity induced by external vagal stimulation may affect activity in specific reading-related regions of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Further research and evaluation are needed to fully understand the implications and potential applications of these findings.

Association between perceived stress, loneliness and sleep disorders among breast cancer patients: the moderating roles of resilience

ABSTRACT Sleep disorders are prevalent and often neglected among breast cancer patients. This study aimed to identify the association among perceived stress, loneliness, resilience and sleep disorders and to further explore whether resilience could be a moderator in the association between them and sleep disorders. A cross-sectional study was conducted by 492 female breast cancer patients. Patients were asked in response to the questionnaires including the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Perceived Stress Scale-10, the Three-Item Loneliness Scale and Resilience Scale-14. The association among perceived stress, loneliness, resilience and perceived stress/loneliness × resilience interaction with sleep disorders were examined by hierarchical multiple regression analysis. The interaction was visualized by using simple slope analysis. 36.58% of the female breast cancer patients reported sleep disorders in our study. Perceived stress and loneliness were related to sleep disorders. Resilience could moderate the relationship between them and sleep disorders. When resilience was higher, perceived stress and loneliness had a weaker impact on sleep disorders. Medical staff should systematically evaluate the internal environmental factors related to patients’ sleep quality and help patients relieve their emotional distress caused by the disease through positive psychological guidance.

Association between Levels of Loneliness, Laboratory Measurements, and Behavioral Aspects in a Primary Care Setting in Crete, Greece.

This paper examines potential associations of loneliness with laboratory data and specific psychosocial and behavioral attitudes. The sample collection took place in an urban Primary Health Care unit between May and July 2023, consecutively, and once exclusion criteria were implemented. Participants were aged between 40 and 75 years. Routine laboratory test results upon study initiation and six months before were used. The University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Loneliness Scale (Version 3), blood glucose, serum lipids, Fibrosis-4 index, and Creatinine Clearance (CrCl) were assessed through hierarchical multiple logistic regression analysis. Based on full model (3rd) analysis, those who were engaged in an individual sport or activity or had contacts with more friends presented significantly lower odds for increased loneliness levels (odds ratio (OR): 0.28 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.09-0.91], p = 0.034 and OR: 0.76 [95%CI 0.66-0.88], p < 0.001, respectively). The consumption of alcohol was associated with increased loneliness (OR: 5.55 [95%CI 1.42-21.63], p = 0.014). Elevated triglyceride levels were linked with moderate or no loneliness (OR: 0.20 [95%CI 0.05-0.83], p = 0.026), while an increased LDL/HDL atherosclerotic index was related to increased subjective loneliness (OR: 4.50 [95%CI 1.12-18.13], p = 0.035). The need for holistic approaches-involving primary care personnel-in understanding and addressing loneliness, recognizing its multifaceted nature as well as the diverse factors that contribute to this issue, is considered challenging.

Trait dimensions of anticipatory and consummatory reward relate differently to self-injurious thoughts and behaviors in a community adult sample

BackgroundSelf-injurious thoughts and behaviors (SITBs) are a major problem worldwide and continue to be a serious public health concern. Research investigating risk factors for suicide has shown that reward processes, such as the inability to feel pleasure, may confer risk for SITBs. However, less work has examined how different dimensions of trait reward relate to SITBs. Accordingly, the present study investigated the unique and interactive effects of trait anticipatory and consummatory reward for explaining SITBs. Methods260 community adults ages 18–55 (M/SD = 32.79/10.54, females = 49.6 %, males = 50.4 %) completed an interview, neuropsychological tests, and questionnaires. We used hierarchical multivariate multiple regression analysis to assess cross-sectional associations between trait anticipatory and consummatory reward and different types of SITBs [self-injurious thoughts, nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), and suicide attempts] from the Risky, Impulsive, and Self-destructive Behavior Questionnaire. ResultsThe unique variance associated with anticipatory and consummatory reward were differentially related to self-injurious thoughts but unrelated to self-injurious behaviors (NSSI/suicide attempts). The interaction of anticipatory and consummatory reward was associated with self-injurious behavior, such that the inability to experience both anticipatory and consummatory reward was associated with higher frequency of NSSI. LimitationsLimitations of the study include its cross-sectional nature and reliance on self-reported measures. ConclusionsLow anticipatory reward and high consummatory reward may confer risk for self-injurious thoughts. Low levels of both trait anticipatory and consummatory reward may confer risk for NSSI. Findings suggest reward sensitivity may be an understudied risk factor for a range of SITBs.

Financial toxicity, family resilience and negative emotions among young and middle-aged breast cancer patients: A multicentre cross-sectional study

PurposeTo determine financial toxicity in young and middle-aged women with breast cancer and examine the associations between family resilience and negative emotions. MethodsA multicentre cross-sectional study was conducted, 538 women with breast cancer were recruited from four hospitals. FT, family resilience, and negative emotions were collected using the Comprehensive Score for FT, the Chinese version of the Family Resilience Assessment in Breast Cancer Patients, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 item, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7. This study adhered to the STROBE guidelines. ResultsThe valid response rate was 96.8 % (N = 521). Overall, the score for FT was 19.63 ± 10.13. FT was significantly correlated with family resilience (r = 0.30, p < 0.010) and depression (r = −0.11, p < 0.050). The hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis showed that career status, monthly income, religion, and family resilience were the main factors influencing FT in patients with breast cancer (R2 = 0.37; F = 6.83; p < 0.001). ConclusionsFT was more prevalent among women from low-income career. Women with poor family resilience, no religious also suffer greater financial toxicity. It is necessary to pay more attention of the financial toxicity of female’ low-income career, no religious belief and poor family resilience. Developing effective interventions based on family resilience might be helpful in promoting their well-being.

유아교사의 교육신념, 반성적 사고와 교사-유아 상호작용이 민주적 학급 운영에 미치는 영향

Objectives The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of early childhood teachers' educational beliefs, reflective thinking, and teacher-young children interaction on the democratic classroom management.&#x0D; Methods For data collection, 310 early childhood teachers in Gyeonsangnamdo were surveyed by questionnaires about teachers’ educational beliefs, reflective thinking, teacher-young children interaction, and democratic classroom management from 1 Feb. 2023 to 28 Feb. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis were used by SPSS 27.0. statistical program.&#x0D; Results First, early childhood teachers' educational beliefs, reflective thinking, teacher-young children interaction, and democratic classroom management were high level. Second, there were found some significant positive correlations among early childhood teachers’ educational beliefs, reflective thinking, teacher-young children interaction, and democratic classroom management. Third, early childhood teachers’ educational beliefs, reflective thinking, and teacher-young children interaction were found to influence on the democratic classroom management.&#x0D; Conclusions In order to promote early childhood teachers' democratic classroom management, it is important to increase the level of teaching beliefs, reflective thinking, and teacher-young children interaction is required to support this.&#x0D;

Factors predicting teachers' implementation of inquiry‐based teaching practices: Analysis of South African TIMSS 2019 data from an ecological perspective

AbstractInquiry‐Based Teaching Practice (IBTP) is an essential component of science education, and promoting its implementation is at the heart of various reform efforts. Even though science teachers regard IBTP as an essential pedagogical method, they rarely use it for various reasons. This study utilizes Bronfenbrenner's ecological framework to examine potential factors at various levels of the educational ecosystem that predict the implementation of inquiry‐based teaching practices among Grade 9 science teachers in South Africa. To this end, quantitative data from 537 educators who participated in the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) 2019 national assessment were utilized. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis. Results revealed that four variables at different socioeconomic levels were perceived to strongly predict teachers' implementation of inquiry teaching practices. These factors include teachers' job satisfaction, instructional resource shortage, and teachers' perception of the significance of various assessment strategies at the mesosystem level as well as teachers' participation in professional development at the exosystem level. Significant correlations exist between some of the predictive variables. Implications for policy are discussed.

Effect of physical frailty on maximum phonation time in community-dwelling older individuals who visited a neurology outpatient clinic.

Maximum phonation time (MPT) is used to assess speech and other oral rehabilitation-related issues. Various factors contribute to MPT decline in older individuals. Although the impact of physical frailty on MPT has been suggested, this has not been conclusively determined. To examine the relationship between MPT and physical frailty in community-dwelling individuals aged ≥60 years who were independently mobile. MPT-associated factors were investigated. This cross-sectional study analysed the clinical data of 122 patients (age [interquartile range]: 80.0 [74.0-83.0] years) without dementia who visited a neurology department between 1 February 2021 and 31 January 2023. Investigated factors included age, sex, weight, height, body mass index, smoking history, grip strength, functional independence measure, vital capacity, oral diadochokinesis, MPT and the Japanese Cardiovascular Health Study score. Physical frailty was assessed based on the total score from five items (weight loss, weakness, exhaustion, slowness and low physical activity). The relationship between MPT and physical frailty was examined using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and hierarchical multiple regression analysis. The MPT was negatively correlated with age (r = -0.347, p < .01) and physical frailty (r = -0.681, p < .01) and positively correlated with vital capacity (r = 0.474, p < .01) and height (r = 0.248, p < .01). The hierarchical multiple regression analysis, conducted with MPT as the dependent variable, demonstrated that physical frailty (β = -.59, 95% confidence interval: -0.74 to 0.43, p < .001) had a strong influence on MPT. In older individuals, MPT is associated with physical frailty. When assessing MPT in clinical settings, it is advisable to perform a concurrent assessment of physical frailty.

The relationship between abusive supervision and job satisfaction and turnover intentions: the moderating role of employee depression

PurposeUsing the lenses of social exchange and reactance theories, this study examines the relationships between abusive supervision and both turnover intentions and job satisfaction. The moderating role of employee depression in the relationship between abusive supervision and these specific work outcomes is also investigated, by incorporating the conservation of resources theory.Design/methodology/approachQuantitative data were collected from a sample of 221 frontline retail employees, across shopping malls in the Caribbean nation of Trinidad. A 3-step multiple hierarchical regression analysis was performed to test the relationships.FindingsThe findings provided support for the propositions that abusive supervision predicts job satisfaction and turnover intentions, respectively. Employee depression moderated the relationship between abusive supervision and job satisfaction but did not moderate the relationship between abusive supervision and turnover intentions.Originality/valueWhile existing research has explored the relationships between abusive supervision, job satisfaction and turnover intentions, limited studies have investigated the moderating role of employee depression. This study contributes to understanding this pervasive workplace issue by investigating a relatively unexplored moderating effect.

Ecological predictors of cultural competence among nurses in the neonatal intensive care unit: A cross-sectional descriptive study.

Active migration and globalization have led to increased opportunities for critical care nurses to care for patients from diverse racial and cultural backgrounds. This study thus aimed to identify the individual, interpersonal, and organizational factors affecting cultural competence levels among neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) nurses based on an ecological model. This was a cross-sectional descriptive study that included 135 NICU nurses in South Korea. A hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis was conducted using the proposed ecological model, and a regression model for each of the four subdomains of cultural competence was constructed and compared. NICU nurses' cultural competencies were influenced not only by the "necessity of multicultural education" and "ethnocultural empathy" at the individual level but by the "hospital's readiness and support for cultural competencies" at the organizational level. To promote the cultural competence of nurses in critical care settings, environmental and organizational support should be improved, along with developing strategies that focus on nurses' individual characteristics. It is also necessary to investigate the "intersectionality" of the effects of individual and environmental factors on cultural competence.

Breastfeeding duration is associated with favorable body composition and lower glycoprotein acetyls in later life.

The aim of the present study was to investigate associations between lifetime breastfeeding behaviors and cardiovascular risk in later reproductive years. This was a prospective 10-year longitudinal cohort study of 168 parous women. Health, lifestyle and infant feeding questionnaires, blood samples, anthropometry and body composition were collected. Cardiovascular risk was estimated using QRISK®3 and hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis performed. Mean age was 42.4 years (SD 3.8; range 31-50) and 98.7% (n = 156/158) were premenopausal. Ever breastfeeding rates were 72.6% (n = 122/168) and 37.5% (n = 63/168) lifetime ≥12 months breastfeeding duration. Median durations were 5.5 weeks for exclusive breastfeeding (IQR 35.8; range 0-190) and 30.5 weeks for any breastfeeding (IQR 84.0; range 0-488). Breastfeeding duration was not associated with QRISK®3 scores in adjusted models. Lower glycoprotein acetyls were associated with ever breastfeeding (P = 0.03), and lifetime breastfeeding ≥12 months (P = 0.001). Lifetime breastfeeding ≥12 months and longer exclusive breastfeeding were associated with lower fat mass index (P = 0.03, P = 0.01), tissue percentage fat (P = 0.02, P = 0.009) and visceral adipose tissue volume (P = 0.04, P = 0.025) after correcting for confounders including body mass index. Longer breastfeeding is associated with favorable body composition and lower glycoprotein acetyls, a novel inflammatory biomarker associated with cardiometabolic risk. Breastfeeding is a low-cost, health promoting behavior for women and infants. Pregnant women, especially those at higher risk of cardiovascular disease, should be counseled about the potential benefits of exclusive and longer breastfeeding duration.

Predictors of Parental Home Involvement in Low-Income Families in Tanzania

Understanding factors influencing parents' involvement in education activities is essential in tailoring strategies to encourage and maximize their participation. This study assessed predictors of parental home involvement in low-income families in four regions of Northern Tanzania. The questionnaires assessed 1176 parents of grade two children from 55 primary schools invited to teacher-parent meetings. The hierarchical multiple regression analyses showed that parents' perception of general school invitation, specific teacher invitation, specific child invitation, parents' knowledge and skills, parents' level of education, and marriage conditions were the strongest predictors of parental home involvement. However, parents' past school experience (valence) did not predict their present involvement at home. This study underscores the pivotal role of teachers and schools in instigating and fostering parental involvement at home. Teachers can create a collaborative learning environment beyond the classroom by implementing activities designed to arouse parents' interest and stimulate their desire to participate actively in their children's learning. The study recommends the interconnectedness of the educational ecosystem, where the efforts of schools and teachers serve as catalysts for meaningful parental involvement at home.